Demographic, Clinical, Laboratory, and Imaging Characteristics of Patients with Renal Stone Disease: A Study from National Hospital, Kandy

Abstract

Background: Renal stone disease is a significant illness with a massive impact on patients. Data relating to the profile of renal stone patients in the central province of Sri Lanka is limited, despite the growing prevalence of the illness. This research study aimed to bridge this gap through analysis of the renal stone patients who attend the urology clinic at National Hospital, Kandy. Objective: To identify the demographic, clinical, laboratory, and imaging characteristics of patients with renal stone disease attending the urology clinic, National Hospital, Kandy Methods: A total of 110 patients with renal stones participated in this descriptive cross-sectional study. The socio-demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, laboratory and imaging findings, and morphological features of the renal stones were collected using an interviewer- administered questionnaire and clinical records. SPSS version 26.0 was used to perform statistical analysis. Results: The majority of renal stone patients were males (74.5%), with Sinhalese being the predominant ethnic group (80.9%) and the mean±SD age being 47.1±13.5 years. The most common symptoms reported by patients were pain (91.8%) with dysuria and lower urinary tract symptoms, as reported by 60% and 46.4% of all participants, respectively. Hypertension (66.4%) and diabetes (64.5%) were seen to be the most common comorbidities. Urinalysis was ordered for 68.2% of all patients, and imaging modalities primarily involved ultrasonography (91.8%). Renal stones were most frequently located at the right renal calyx (49.1%) and pelvis (28.2%). The mean±SD stone size was 9.4±6.1 mm. Conclusion: This study underpins the characteristics of renal stone patients in a selected Sri Lankan cohort, highlighting the role of demographic features, comorbidities, and laboratory and imaging protocol. The findings of this study provide important information which can be utilized for improving diagnosis, prevention and management strategies that are tailored to target the population